This is a continuation of the discussion of the e-hologram universe models of universe expansion.
Dark energy (invisible energy) is given credit for expansion of the universe and the equivalent for dark energy (like dark matter) in e-hologram theory would be time and its influence on the singularity or perhaps energy inherent in tendency in the singularity without time, therefore without dimension and therefor invisible or aspects of the singularity with different time, out of sync time or damaged time which is a subset of a catch all "different time" or d-time.
E-hologram theory provides several discomforting alternatives which will be discussed here. A short discussion of the non-hologram theories is set out, but there is little in non-hologram theories that adds to the e-hologram theories for dark matter and dark energy which are "easily" theorized in e-hologram theory; albeit with the same type of choices as are available in non-hologram theory.
Non-hologram models concentrate on dark matter driven theories, but the universe is theorized as having 4 possibilities which are (1) A steady state universe which has been expanding and will eventually stop and shrink back, (2) A non-steady state universe which expands and then stops expanding but doesn't shrink back, (3) A universe which continues to expand without acceleration and (4) the observed universe which expands at an ever accelerating rate.
Each of these models and even e-hologram theory to some extent find the universe expanding from a singularity or big bang. E-hologram theory "differs" by arguing the singularity continues to exist and as is oft repeated, black holes almost require this to be the case. Eventually we may discuss some alternatives, but time-singularity concepts make more intuitive sense once we get past our prejudices tied to our own perceptions of the universe which result from the attachment of time to tendencies in the singularity.
Since e-hologram theory leans heavily in favor of time being attached to tendencies or "burning tendencies" to create matter and energy which are reflected in gravity, the next logical step after determining gravity (largely the tendency of tendencies to give up time) is a discussion of how time might attach to the singularity to render o-space (our universe).
Theories of Time attached to Tendencies.
Several theories are suggested which will be discussed briefly in this blog entry and then will be further defined where appropriate in subsequent blogs:
1) Finite time deprivation-predicted mathematically: This theory is that time is finite. This differs from the broad concept of "quantum time" vs "cloud time" discussed earlier. Just as a review; quantum time attaches time in quantum limits (as far as we can perceive since there is no space and hence no separation only different times are separated from one another) to tendencies to produce gravity (manifested by energy and matter in o-space). Cloud time assumes that time attaches as a diffuse application to all tendencies in the singularity to produce a matter specific time. Relativity supports either theory to some extent although the separation of clocks as relative velocities increase gives some weight to quantum time. This is more than offset by the elastic nature of these changes which are more indicative of the ability of time to be surrendered (as at black hole type gravities).
Under the theory of Finite time, the singularity is expressed for a period of time and then the time will run out.
One or more times might affect space (as discussed more below) so that times may radiate against the singularity to produce multiple universes (like the sun shining on the earth's surface) slightly out of sync with one another or there might be a single time against a single singularity (like showing a movie once) or any number of variations (quantum or otherwise). Quantum theories begin to disappear (wave function replaces it) as time is released since it is impossible to separate events, velocities, dimensions cease to exist, etc without time.)
2) Time loop-This would imply that time is continuous and would either loop back on itself or possibly just reach the end and start again at the beginning& time change or time degredation and elastic time-we get to a certain point and everything snaps back and perhaps runs in reverse to that point since it is time driven and not gravity driven conceptually).
3) Constant expansion as an e-hologram alternative-This assumes that time can continue indefinitely.
The Big Bang without Singularity finds this happening with "mysterious" dark energy driving the expansion. There are (as disclosed earlier) several "relatively simple" explanations of dark energy in e-hologram theory (from an accumulation of matter in subsequent adjacent separate time (universes created by different times attached to the singularity) universes to defective time energies in our universe (where time is either attached without enough dimensions for us to perceive them except as to their tendency to give up the time and return to the singularity) to singularity tendencies to which time is not attached but which effect our universe merely by their proximity (they are in the same singularity or point) to events which have time attached.
4) Pustule time: Time as consciousness or otherwise could (in theory) appear like pustules along event lines (the way a tendency appears once time is attached). In e-hologram theory the singularity continues to exist, but time is attached and the tendency of matter to surrender that time is perceived as gravity. One alternative is that everything in o-space has time attached or exists in a single infinitely thin time cloud. Another alternative is that time merely gives perspective with which to observe the rest of the singularity. That would mean that the rest of the singularity does not have time attached to it, but only appears based on the bubble of consciousness from which we observe it being exposed to time.
While counter-intuitive, it is intuitive (although hardly proved) that consciousness of some form (presumably because all intelligence in the universe past, present and future is sufficient to achieve this "awareness") gives rise to time and this is discussed in earlier blog entries. One possibility is that time only exists during the limited periods in our universe when there is sufficient awareness to make that possible, but that would require that time exists within the singularity in one form and that awareness makes it exist in the form we experience (dimension & gravity) which is an intriguing alternative since it doesn't require time to be added although and instead only requires that dimension and gravity be added to time.
In pocket time theory, on earth we may have sufficient consciousness to form a pocket of time and everything we see (that has already happened) is not affected by time in that sense unless we can somehow carry our consciousness in sufficient "mass" to affect it. While some form of "awareness" or consciousness may lead to time, this postule theory probably takes that too far. The more intuitive approach is that the singularity has all thought and therefore is self enabling for all times from the big bang to the end.
5) Constant repetitive time: Time may happen over and over again. It may "radiate" from the equivalent of a sun (without distance) against the singularity. Remember that while dinosaurs still roam the earth in e-hologram theory, it is an earth (if we could see it) that is 65 billion years behind us and getting ready to be hit by the yucatan asteroid which thankfully is an equal distance behind us.
If time is repetitive, then out of sync universes could provide plenty of energy to force the universe outward against the gravity of all these universes. The equations (rough) are actually fairly simple. You integrate all the universes from the location of the 'big bang' to the present average distance of the universe (all matter) from that location dividing the total by some factor to show they weaken as the get farther from o-time in o-space and then you look at the expansion of the universe against the perceived gravity and you have the force generated by these sequential times as the equivalent of dark energy.
These types of solutions already exist for dark energy, so you are basically looking at an equivalent. But since time is the one ingredient that gives space dimension (and therefore existence) spending a lot of "time" discussing the equivalents based on time makes sense.
Since time is limited and there are other things to cover, we'll stop here and as we get deeper into the 5 types listed above; other time parameters can be discussed.
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